Pain Disorder is a somatoform disorder in which the predominant area of focus is painful bodily complaints in which psychological factors are determined to be central to the onset, severity, exacerbation or maintenance of the complaint. Pain disorders are classified into several categories based upon their cause. Neuropathic pain is a particularly severe pain disorder that results from damage to the central and peripheral nervous system. Ion channels play an important role in the detection, transmission and cognitive recognition of pain signals. Ion channels are critical at each step in the pain pathway, including the detection of local stimuli, the transmission of the electrical impulses to the brain and the interpretation of electrical impulses as pain signals. Pain Disorder (like conversion disorder) is a form of somatoform disorder. Pain Disorder does not mean that the person has no biological reason for pain. It suggests that there are psychological factors that appear to have contributed to the onset, severity, maintenance or exacerbation of the pain. In pain disorder, it is important that the patient be assisted in determining what factors play a role in the experience of the pain.

Pain disorder may come after surgery, hospitalization, or injury; when the wound heals, the pain doesn’t go away. It sometimes comes in conjunction with an addiction as well, and may be a symptom of hypochondrism or another depressive disorder. Pain disorder is marked by the presence of severe pain. Pain disorder is relatively common in the general population especially amongolder adults; the ratio is more nearly equal. It appears to affect men and women with equalfrequency. Inflamm
atory pain results from the effects of inflammatory mediators and cellular debris that are released into surrounding tissues as the immune system is activated, whether appropriately to fight infection, or inappropriately, such as in auto-immune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with body dysmorphic disorder often try to have plasticsurgery or other procedures to repair or treat the supposed defect. Both neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain are types of chronic pain. Because of the many different reasons pain disorder manifests, it may or may not be successfully treatable. If it comes in conjunction with another mental illness, it should be treatable and the patient should recover fully.

Symptoms of Pain Disorders:

1. Lightheadedness or dizziness.

2. Skipping heartbeat.

3. Chest pain.

4. Excessive sweating

5. Nausea or stomach problems.

6. Feelings of unreality.

Treatment of Pain Disorders:

Surgical complications and addictions to prescription pain medications can develop if used inappropriately to treat this condition. Psychiatric referrals may be helpful, though many people with this disorder resist psychiatric interventions. Pain Disorder associated with a General Medical Condition may be treated with a course of general pain killers. This term is used for any patient who has pain that is mainly caused, worsened or maintained by a general medical condition, so long as any psychological factors play at most a minor role. Prescription and non-prescription pain medications are usually not effective and can make matters worse due to potentially serious side effects.

Anxiety is a feeling of unease. Anxiety is only considered to be a mental health problem when it is prolonged, severe and is interfering with everyday activities. Fortunately, most anxiety disorders are highly treatable with psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. There are at least nine identified types of anxiety disorders, include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, separation anxiety, school avoidance, and agoraphobia. Anxiety disorders in children can range from a simple adjustment disorder to more difficult and debilitating disorders such as panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. It’s normal to feel anxious when facing something difficult or dangerous, and mild anxiety can be a positive and useful experience. Excessive anxiety is often associated with other mental health problems, such as depression. Unfortunately, many people with anxiety disorders don’t seek treatment because they do not believe they have a legitimate illness, or they fear the reaction of family and friends.

Sometimes anxiety can be associated with a physical illness, such as thyroid disorder. For this reason it’s advisable to see your GP in order to rule out a physical cause. Symptoms occur with varying frequency and intensity but may include all of those listed above as well as trembling, chest pain, nausea, and fear. You may fear you are going crazy or dying. Some people may also have a sense of being detached from reality. Anxiety can be a long-term disorder where you feel worried most of the time about things that might go wrong. Cognitive behavioral therapy is often used, as is psychotherapy and stress management techniques. Drugs used to treat anxiety include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, beta-blockers, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Often, a combination of therapies works best.

What are the types of Anxiety disorders?

There are several major types of anxiety disorders:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): People with Generalized Anxiety Disorder feel anxious nearly all of the time, though they may not even know why.

2. Phobias: A phobia is an unrealistic or exaggerated fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that in reality presents little to no danger. Common phobias include fear of animals such as snakes and spiders, fear of flying, and fear of heights.

3. Social Phobia: Social anxiety disorder can be thought of as extreme shyness.

4. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): It  is characterized by unwanted thoughts or behaviors that seem impossible to stop or control.

5. Separation Anxiety: Separation anxiety is a normal part of child development.

6. Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder: Panic disorder is characterized by repeated, unexpected panic attacks.

Symptoms of Anxiety:

The symptoms can include:

1. Abdominal discomfort.

2. Rapid heartbeat or palpitations.

3. Shortness of breath.

4. Frequent urination

5. Feeling worried or uneasy all the time

6. An inability to concentrate

7. Depersonalisation.

Treatment For Anxiety disorders:

The treatment will depend upon which type of anxiety you are experiencing and how severe it is. Cognitive-behavior therapy is very effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Tranquilisers, such as benzodiazepine tablets, may help to relieve some short-term stress-related anxieties. However, they shouldn’t be taken for long periods because of the risk of addiction. For this reason they aren’t usually prescribed. Antidepressants can treat certain anxiety disorders such as generalised anxiety disorder, social phobia, OCD, and anxiety associated with depression.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a group of symptoms that affect concentration and a person’s ability to focus . Side effects may be troublesome depending on the child, which is why the child must have follow-up visits to your doctor. These may include weight loss, appetite changes, insomnia and nervous tics. It can also cause mood swings, impulsiveness, and behavioral and social problems. Children with these problems have difficulty completing their school work and are often in trouble with parents and teachers. Other treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include “tutoring and special education, behavioral therapy and family-group psychotherapy.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder should cause severe impairments in different areas of life and has to be present since early childhood. But many adults have developed functional or dysfunctional ways to cope with the everyday problems of this disorder. To consider different treatment options for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder needs an individual diagnostic process evaluating the personal resources and deficits of the person. Treatment options for adults with ADHD
include psycho-education about symptoms and consequences of this disorder. Sometimes this is already the most important part of therapy, because the client can now accept some common problems of life and already uses appropriate ways to handle these problems.

Treatment For Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:

1. Psychotherapy allows older children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to talk about issues that bother them, explore negative behavioral patterns and learn ways to deal with their symptoms.

2. Family therapy can help parents and siblings deal with the stress of living with someone who has ADHD.

3. Drugs known as psychostimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults.

4. Another medication that works in a similar manner, but is not a stimulant, is atomoxetine.

5. Antidepressants also may be used - especially for adults and for children who don’t respond to stimulants or who are depressed or have other problems.

6. Sometimes a combination of therapy and medication may be the most helpful treatment.

We are all know how important is sleep and the benefits of a great night sleep cannot be underestimated. According to the source, a good night sleep gives our bodies the chance to maintain and repair our cells. Cell growth and takes place to fight the affects of stress and depression. When we are sleep, our immune system releases some kind of chemical for fighting an infection.

So, a great night sleep is not just our habitual, but it’s a part of a healthy life. If we understand all about that, a question for us “Do we have a great sleep every night?”. Or just the opposite, have sleeping disorder. A sleeping disorder can interrupt our healthy life, threatening our mental and physic, stress and depression in daily life.

By understanding a few things about sleeping disorder we can prevent it from our life or find some solution by working together with our doctor or physician. For long term we can be on our way to a healthy life and restful sleep every night.

The first thing we should know is, what causes sleeping disorder. Sleeping disorder is the persistence of the sleep cycle interruption. It could be caused by our physic condition, mental, psychological, medicine side effect, and in fact our biological condition also can causes sleeping disorder. Chemicals such as nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, and some herbal supplements can interrupt our cycle sleep. Maybe herbal supplements are good for our body with a good proportion but we must understand that I could bring us to a bad sleeping cycle if we can’t manage the consumption.

The next thing we should know is, what are the symptoms of sleeping disorder. Some of the most frequent symptom of sleeping disorder is; difficul
ty for falling sleep. If we have a difficulty time for falling sleep at night, it’s might be the most cause for trouble getting awake in the morning and if we have one of that symptom it could be predicted that we have sleeping disorder. Physical condition like overweight and high blood pressure could be a cause and a symptom for sleeping disorder, and many more. If you spent less time for sleep like normally (7 up to 9 hours a day) and you think that you have sleeping disorder, don’t be panic. Some people like that, they just need a little time like normally for sleep but they fell fresh when they get up in the morning.

If you have understand what caused sleeping disorder and the symptoms, next move is to find out what treatment are available. Good news is, people who suffer from sleeping disorder have so many solution for treatment. From a complex solution with medicine and technology up to a simple thing like manage our life style habitual. Surgery is the most advance to treat sleeping disorder for example to cut of snoring habit. Use a natural sleep aid also is good for solution. We can manage our sleep environment, have a comfort pillow, using sleep mask to eliminate disturbing light and many more. Have a good lifestyle is also an easy to do as a treatment. We can have some exercises, set a daily schedule, cut of alcohol, smoking and caffeine.

The most important you should understand is, we can treat and prevent sleeping disorder. Even if you suffer from it for long time. Have a positive thinking is a first step. This article is your second step. Next thing is you should consult your doctor for advise. He/she will give a complete explanation and give a good advice for solution.

Migraine is a neurological disease. A migraine is a very painful type of headache. In some cases, these painful headaches are preceded or accompanied by a sensory warning sign (aura), such as flashes of light, blind spots or tingling in your arm or leg. More than 29.5 million Americans suffer from migraine, with women being affected three times more often than men.  This vascular headache is most commonly experienced between the ages of 15 and 55, and 70% to 80% of sufferers have a family history of migraine. Migraine is the second most common type of headache syndrome in the United States. Tension headaches are the most common. Migraines most commonly are found in women, with a 3:1 female-to-male ratio. In childhood, however, migraines are more common in boys than in girls. More than 80% of patients who develop migraines will have a first attack by age 30. Migraines continue through the patient’s 30s and 40s. Less than half of all migraine sufferers. Migraine is often misdiagnosed as sinus headache or tension-type headache. Migraines’ secondary characteristics are inconsistent. Triggers precipitating a particular episode of migraine vary widely. The efficacy of the simplest treatment, applying warmth or coolness to the affected area of the head, varies between persons, sometimes worsening the migraine. A particular migraine rescue drug may sometimes work and sometimes not work in the same patient.

Migraine pain is caused by vasodilation in the cranial blood vessels (expansion of the blood vessels), while headache pain is caused by vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels). Migraine is three times more common in women than in men. Some people can tell when they are about to have a migraine because they see flashing lights or zigzag lines or they temporarily lose their vision.  Migraines are classified as either “with aura” or “without aura.” An aura is a group of neurological symptoms, usually vision disturbances that serve as warning sign. Patients who get auras typically see a flash of brightly colored or blinking lights shortly before the headache p
ain begins. However, most people with migraines do not have such warning signs. Migraines often begin in adolescence, and are rare after age 60. Eighty percent of migraine sufferers experience “migraine without aura. Some of the symptoms associated with migraine headaches, such as nausea (80%), vomiting (50%), yawning, irritability, hypotension, and hyperactivity, can be associated with dopamine receptor activation. Dopamine receptor hypersensitivity has been shown experimentally with dopamine agonists such as apomorphine, bromocriptine, and pergolide. Dopamine antagonists, such as metoclopramide (Reglan), haloperidol (Haldol), and prochlorperazine (Compazine), have been shown clinically to treat migraine headaches effectively.

There is no specific cure for migraine headaches. Many factors may contribute to the occurrence of migraine attacks.  They are known as trigger factors and may include diet, sleep, activity, psychological issues as well as many other factors. The goal is to prevent symptoms by avoiding or altering triggers. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful for early and mild headache. NSAIDs include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and others. A recent study concluded that a combination of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine could effectively relieve symptoms for many migraine patients. Migraine-specific medications and analgesia are the keys of ED care. Triptans are a mid-line treatment suitable for many migraineurs with typical migraines. They may not work for atypical or unusually severe migraines, transformed migraines, or status (continuous) migraines.Rest in a darkened, quiet room is helpful. Alternative treatments are aimed at prevention of migraine. Migraine headaches are often linked with food allergies or intolerances. Identification and elimination of the offending food or foods can decrease the frequency of migraines and/or alleviate these headaches altogether. Herbal therapy with feverfew (Chrysanthemum parthenium) may lessen the frequency of attacks. Some patients find cool compresses to painful areas helpful.